Public Archaeology and the preservation of the Pre-Colonial Cultural Heritage of Maranhão
diagnosis on the preservation status of the Ilha de São Luís shell mounds
Keywords:
Public Archeology, Shell mounds, Diagnosis, Preservation, Ilha de São LuísAbstract
The purpose of this article is to present a situational diagnosis on the state of preservation of the sambaquis at São Luís - Maranhão Island, based on the elaboration of a script to identify and characterize the current state of these archaeological sites. We take as
a base the theoretical frameworks of Public Archeology and its interfaces with the protection and preservation of the archaeological heritage, which emphasizes the political role of archaeologists and their research in favor of the management of archaeological goods beyond its importance as an object of investigation, but as a diffuse and collective good, whose society has a wide right to its enjoyment. For this purpose, a standard evaluation form was developed based on the parameters already existing in the Register of
Archaeological Sites of IPHAN, adapting it to the context of the research and the nature of the archaeological sites diagnosed. The results obtained showed that most of the sambaquis of the Island of São Luís are in total destruction, mainly due to the city's advance, irregular constructions, withdrawal of black earth for planting and the lack of knowledge of the federal legislation to protect the archaeological heritage, issues aggravated by the lack of supervision and punishment of those responsible for the destruction of sites. As a compensatory and mitigating measure to protect the remaining remnants still subject to protection, a broad research program is proposed with the extroversion of this knowledge through patrimonial education activities that focus on the importance of archaeological heritage for the history, memory and identity of the population maranhense.
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